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This can create a dilemma, as avoiding Vitamin B12 can lead to deficiency, while exposure to cobalt can trigger allergic reactions

The formula is straightforward: Concentration (mg/mL) = Total mg in vial Total mL of BAC water added Dose volume (mL) = Target dose (mg) Concentration (mg/mL) The most common approach is adding 2 mL of BAC water, which produces easy-to-measure concentrations

While the standard adult RDA is approximately 2.4 mcg per day (ICMR-NIN, 2024), the demands of pregnancy and breastfeeding raise this further, as the baby draws on maternal stores directly via the placenta and then through breast milk

L.LabastidaR.et al (2023)