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3.1.2 Clinical evidence Metformin reduces the risk of rehospitalization for chest pain in hyperglycemic patients with ischemia and no obstructive CAD ( In contrast, evidence in non-diabetic populations remains inconsistent: some studies report improved vascular function and reduced myocardial ischemia in non-diabetic women treated with metformin ( 3.1.3 Mechanistic insights Metformin preserves mitochondrial integrity, a key determinant of I/R injury, by stabilizing membrane potential, inhibiting complex I during early reperfusion and preventing mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, thus limiting ROS generation and apoptosis (Wu et al., 2025)
Liang et al., 2021
Differences in Structure Differences in Structure The "L" in L-glutathione shows its specific molecule structure
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