Composed of the amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine, gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl glycine, or glutathione (GSH), is a tripeptide thiol that's present in large concentrations in the cytosol and organelles of every cell
Surplus ROS attack DNA, inducing damage [107], and oxidize proteins, leading to protein misfolding and functional loss [108]
Researchers may study timing, signal amplitude, and pathway behavior, but any reference to biological activity is for research context only and does not imply human or animal use
In terms of immune regulation, MenSC-Exo induce phosphorylation of STAT3/STAT6, driving M2 macrophage polarization (Liu et al., 2017)