Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained as previously described 35
In addition, fumarate inhibits TET enzymes, which stimulate EMT, leading to cancer metastasis 131,132
Park JM, et al
Moreover, riboflavin pathway derivatives, such as 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU), 5-(2-oxoethylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OE-RU) and 6,7-Dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine (RL-6,7-diME), function as evolutionarily conserved non-peptidic antigens to a subpopulation of innate-like T cells, Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, particularly enriched at mucosal surfaces of mammals, such as the gut, bronchea, skin and uterus 187,188,189